ls - one of the most common commands in Linux. This command lists directory contents. It can also list permissions, owner, size etc. It sorts the file alphabetically by default.
Syntax
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ls [Options] [Directory]...
Options
Option
Description
-l
long format list(permissions, ownership, size and modification date)
-a
show all entries in the directory including hidden files
-r, --reverse
reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive
list subdirectories recursively
-t
sort by modification time, newest first
-h, --human-readable
prints human readable sizes(e.g. 1k 2M 1G). used with -k and or -s
-F,
append indicator(*/=>@) to entries
-1
list one file per line
Example
list files in current directory
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ls
list file names in one file per line
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ls -1
list files start with ‘a’
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ls -l a*
list files start with ‘a’ including hidden files
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ls -l a*
list the last 5 files that is modified
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ls -lt | head
long format list with human readable units for /var directory
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ls -lh /var
ll
In many system, ll is the alias of ls -l. In Ubuntu, it is alias to ls -alF. use type ll to check the alias.